Concepedia

Concept

clinical pharmacology

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Children

21.7K

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907.6K

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75.3K

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7.7K

Institutions

Clinical Pharmacology Consolidation

1940 - 1946

During 1940–1946, clinical pharmacology matured as a discipline through systematic study of drug disposition, metabolism, detoxication, and the influence of administration routes on onset, duration, and safety. Research emphasized sulfonamides and related antimicrobials, antibiotic pharmacology with gut flora considerations, anticonvulsant dosing and toxicity, and routes of administration that shaped regimens for digoxin, aminophylline, atropine-based mydriatics, and mercurial diuretics.

Drug disposition and detoxification emerged as a central research axis, with studies detailing absorption, systemic distribution, metabolism, and detoxication of sulfonamides and related compounds; acetate-modulated detoxication and metabolic pathways were repeatedly explored to understand efficacy and safety [11], [15], [12], [5], [7].

Clinical pharmacology of anticonvulsants tracked efficacy, limited sedative effects, and notable toxicity, guiding dosing and safety for dilantin and related agents through case reports and cohort studies [6], [4], [1].

Antibiotic chemotherapy and sulfonamide pharmacology emphasize altering gut flora and antimicrobial action, with succinylsulfathiazole and sulfonamides evaluated for therapeutic use and resistance-relevant relationships to methionine and purine antagonists [8], [9], [13], [11].

Clinical pharmacology methods and routes of administration illustrate how intravenous, rectal, ocular, and other delivery modes influence onset, duration, and safety, informing regimens for digoxin, aminophylline, atropine-based mydriatics, and mercurial diuretics [17], [18], [10], [20], [19].

Clinical Pharmacokinetics Foundations

1947 - 1961

Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Paradigm for Therapeutics

1962 - 1968

Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Integration

1969 - 1975

Immunopharmacology Driven Pharmacokinetics

1976 - 1988

Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling

1989 - 1995

Transporter-Driven Pharmacokinetics

1996 - 2002

Pharmacogenomics in PK-PD

2003 - 2009

Genotype-Guided Pharmacology

2010 - 2016

PK/PD-Driven Safety and Delivery

2017 - 2023